# Nacio en la ciudad sitiada de Montevideo, Uruguay, el 19 de Marzo de 1845, durante la "Guerra Grande".
# Him was a Uruguayan sociologist, journalist, politician and educator.
# El era un sociologo, periodista, politico y educador uruguayo.
# Their parents were Jacobo Dionisio Varela and Benita Gumersinda Berro.
# Sus padres fueron Jacobo Dionisio Varela y Benita Gumersinda Berro.
# In 1873 him was married with Adela Acevedo which have 2 kids.
# En 1873 el se caso con Adela Acevedo con quien tuvo 2 hijos.
# Him studied in the old school of the fathers Escolapios
# Estudio en el antiguo colegio de los padres Escolapios.
# His fahter owned a deposit of "fruits of the country" shop were him go to work at 15 years.
# Su padre poseia un deposito de "Frutos del Pais", establecimento donde entro a trabajar a los 15 anos.
# Him began to become knwon in literature through poetic compositions, chronicles and literary articles.
# Comenzo a hacerse conocer en literatura a traves de composiciones poeticas, cronicas y articulos leterarios.
# At 22 years he undertook a trip to Europe and The United States, in Paris him met the famous writer Victor Hugo.
# A los 22 anos emprendio un viaje a Europa y Estados Unidos, en Paris conocio al celebre escritor Victor Hugo.
# Hoping to be recognized as a good poet, in England him give manuscripts of his poems and a story to the great french writer Victor Hugo to known his critical opinion.
# Con la esperanza de ser reconocido como un buen poeta, en Inglaterra le entrego sus poemas y un cuento manuscrtios al gran escritor frances Victor Hugo para conocer su opinion critica.
# It's opinion was favorable and decides public a small book entitled "Echoes Lost".
# Su opinion es favorable y decide publicar un pequeno libro que titulo "Ecos Perdidios".
# In the United States he met with Argentine Domingo Sarmiento, whose concern for the issues of education caused to him a great impact.
# En Estados Unidos se encontro con el argentino Domingo Sarmiento, cuya preocupacion por los temas de la educacion le causo un gran impacto.
# Sarmiento link to Varela (spoke English) with American specialists in education, which allowed him to meet many institutes teaching and known teachers methods and objectives.
# Sarmiento vinculo a Varela (hablaba Ingles) con especialistas norteamericanos en educacion, lo que le permitio conocer muchos institutos de ensenanzas y conocer sus metodos y objetivos docentes.
# Varela return to Uruguay and dedicated to journalism through which promoted the diffusion of its ideas.
# Varela retorno a Uruguay y se dedico al periodismo mediante el cual promovio la difusion de sus ideas.
# In 1869, its journalist and political activity was dedicated through news paper "La Paz" (The Peace), which he leaded until 1873.
# En 1869, se dedico a la actividad periodistica y politica a traves del diario "La Paz", que dirigio hasta 1873.
# Conceived the journalism and political activity as inseparable action of the educational task.
# Concebia a la actividad periodistica y politica como accion inseparable de la tarea educacional.
# Him founded the "Society of Popular Education Friends" with influential frinds as Elbio Fernandez, Carlos Maria Ramirez y Francisco Barra.
# Fundo la "Sociedad Amigos de la Educacion Popular" con amigos muy influyentes como Elbio Fernandez, Carlos Maria Ramirez y Francisco Barra.
# Under the government of Lorenzo Battle, convulsed by civil war, him fought recklessly. Him tough the popular education could not be founded and spread while not have a minimum of freedom and peace.
# Bajo el gobierno de Lorenzo Battle, convulsionado por la guerra civil, lucho temerariamente. Pensaba que la educacion popular no podia cimentarse y extenderse mientras no se contara con un minimo de libertad y paz.
# In 1874, he published the book "The Education of the People".
# En 1874 publico el libro "La Educacion del Pueblo".
# In 1876 he published the book " School Legislation".
# En 1876 publico el libro "La Legislacion Escolar"
# With these two books not only search for demonstrate the need for school reform, but also its pausibility. Him bring to this statistical data on the population of the country, which use as arguments of his tesis, being the first to use this tool in the intellectual history of Uruguay.
# Con estos dos libros no solo buscaba demostrar la necesidad de una reforma escolar, sino tambien su plausibilidad. Para ello aporto datos estadisticos sobre la poblacion del pais, que manejo como argumentos de su tesis, siendo el primero en usar esta herramienta en la historia intelectual del Uruguay.
# The books that Varela wrote were: Lost Echoes, The education of town, The Academic Legislation, Memory I, Encyclopedia of the Education and Memory II. With the Academic Legislation explained what he wanted to do and with the Memoirs wrote what him made.
# Los libros que escribio Varela fueron: Ecos Perdidos, La Educacion del Pueblo, La Legislacion Escolar, Memoria I, Enciclopedia de la Educacion y Memoria II. La legislacion escolar explicaba lo que el queria hacer y en las Memorias escribio lo que hizo.
# Jose Pedro varela was influenced by Ira Mayhew and in some thoughs seen too many similarities with the American thinker.
# Jose Pedro Varela se vio influenciado por Ira Mayhew y en algunos de sus pensamientos se ven demasiadas similitudes con el de la pensadora norteamericana.
# Urguay at that time lived a context of political and economic crisis.
# Uruguay en ese momento vivia un contexto de crisis politica y economica.
# Between 1830 and 1870 there were 15 presidents, all endured armed uprisings and many were overthrown.
# Entre 1830 y 1876 hubo 15 presidentes,todos soportaron levantamientos armados y muchos fueron derrocados.
# The Mrach 10, 1876 the Colonel lorenzo Latorre takes offices and begins a dictatorship in Uruguay.
CON SU ESPOSA ADELA ACEVEDO-WITH ITS WIFE ADELA ACEVEDO
# El 10 de Marzo de 1876 el Coronel Lorenzo Latorre asume el poder de facto y comienza en Uruguay una dictadura.
# La Torre appoints Varela as "National Public Education" inspector.
# Latorre nombra a Varela como Inspector Nacional de Instruccion Publica.
# Joining the military government implied a big break with those around him until then.
# Su incorporacion al gobierno militar implico una ruptura muy grande con quienes lo rodeaban hasta ese momento.
# In 1876, during the dictatorship of Lorenzo Latorre and despite being a political opponent, but not before refusing, finally acepted the position of Director of Public Instruction, introducing a bill by which the Uruguayan government established free and compulsoty education, also organizing their regulatory institutions and the subjects to be issued.
# En 1876, durante la dictadura de Lorenzo Latorre y a pesar de ser rival politico, no sin antes negarse, finalmente acepta el cargo de Director de Instruccion Publica, presentando un proyecto de ley por el cual el Estado uruguayo establecia la ensenanza escolar gratuita y obligatoria, organizando tambien sus institutos reguladores y las asignaturas a dictarse.
# This bill was passed into law on August 24, 1877 as the "Decree-Law of Common Education".
# Este proyecto fue aprobado y convertido en ley el 24 de Agosto de 1877 como el Decreto Ley de Educacion Comun.
# Thus the state was going to have control of schooling and with this, the intelectual formation of the Uruguayan people.
# De esa forma el estado pasaba a tener control de la ensenanza escolar y con ella la formacion intelectual del pueblo uruguayo.
# Varela developed a short but fruitful work organizing an advanced administrative and technical apparatus for this period.
# Varela desarrolla una corta pero fecunda labor organizando un aparato administrativo y tecnico muy avanzado para la epoca.
# Thanks to this strucutre, in two years achieved the construction of new schools and the development of training materials, the selection of teachers and formation of a Normal School.
# Gracias a esta estructura, en dos anos logra la construccion de nuevas escuelas y la elaboracion de material didactico, la seleccion del personal docente y su formacion de una Escuela Normal.
# Principles that are familiar todas as adaptation of knowledge to child pshychology or the prohibition of corporal punishment, only then beginning to be applied in our education system.
# Principios que hoy resultan familiares, como la adaptacion de los conocimientos a la psicologia infantil o la prohibicion de los castigos corporales, recien entonces comienzan a aplicarse en nuestro sistema educativo.
# Despite the proposed of Varela secularism in Uruguayan education it would take several decades to come.
# A pesar de la propuesta de Varela la laicidad en la educacion uruguaya tardaria varias decadas en llegar.
# Because the "Decree-Law Common Education" had no secularism was the subject of much discussion with the Catolic Church.
# Debido a que el Decreto Ley de Educacion Comun no tenia la laicidad fue objeto de grandes discusiones con la Iglesia Catolica.
# After a negotiated solution was reached an agreement that allowed the families who did not profess the Catholic faith can subtract their children from the teaching of the Catholic creed if not practiced.
# Despues de una solucion negociada se llego a un acuerdo en las que permitia que aquellas familias que no profesaban la fe catolica podian sustraer a sus hijos de la enesenanza del credo catolico si no lo practicaban.
# Thanks to him the compulsory, free and secular teaching was introduced in Uruguay.
# Gracias a el se implanto la enesenanza obligatoria, laica y gratuita.
# Varela participate in the creation of a radical liberation democratic party that was opposed to the White and Red parties. That party fight for universal suffrage and equal rights of women, among other things.
# Varela participo en la creacion de un partido radical liberal democratico que se oponia a los partidos blanco y colorado. Este partido peleo por el voto universal y la igualdad de los derechos de la mujer, entre otras cosas.
# Uruguayan society at that time lived times of unmigration and economic and technical changes that favored the acceptance of new ideas at odds with the traditional trends.
# La sociedad uruguaya en ese momento vivia epocas de inmigracion y de cambios economicos y tecnicos, que favorecian la aceptacion de ideas nuevas en pugna con las tendencias tradicionalistas.
SUS PRINCIPIOS PARA LA EDUCACION ITS PRINCIPLES TO EDUCATION
LAICA-LAY
# Public school was to be secular for several reasons.
# La escuela pública debía ser laica por varias razones.
# The State, political and non-religious institution, should not favor any particular religion.
# El Estado, institución política y no religiosa, no debe favorecer a ninguna religión determinada.
# The objective of education is to form citizens and not impart to children the one or the other religion.
# El objetivo de la educación es formar ciudadanos y no impartir a los niños una u otra religión.
# The teching of religion in school, leading to disown of conscience or ignore those who have a different religion.
* La enseñanza de religión en la escuela, lleva a desconocer la libertad de conciencia o a ignorar a quienes tienen otra religión diferente.
GRATUITA-FREE :
# Varela conisdered that teaching is a public service, such as justice or the police and should be paid for the whole nation. The state, along with the obligation, was to provide free education as the means to fullfit it. The later, for him, was the most powerful tool for the practice of democratic equality.
# Varela consideraba que la enseñanza es un servicio público, como la justicia o la policía, y que debía ser pagado por toda la nación. El Estado, junto con la obligatoriedad, debía disponer la gratuidad como el medio para cumplirla. Esta última, para él, era el más poderoso instrumento para la práctica de la igualdad democrática.
OBLIGARTORIA-COMPULSORY:
# Established by law, that all children must attend school, parents have the obligation to send their children to school, thus ensuring that it reaches all alike.
Establece por ley, que todos los niños deben concurrir a la escuela, los padres tiene la obligación de enviar a sus hijos a la escuela, de esa manera se asegura que llegue a todos por igual.
OTRAS IDEAS IMPORTANTES DE VARELA OTHER IMPORTANT IDEAS OF VARELA
# Limitation of class time, to protect the child from exhaustion.
# Limitacion del horario de clases, para proteger al nino del cansancio.
# Requiring vaccine to children.
# Exigencia a los ninos de vacunas.
# The non-acceptance of chIldren with infectious disease character.
# La no admision de ninos con enfermedades de caracter contagioso.
# The parents have specific responsibility for the material damage that children in their care caused to the goods material of the school.
# Que los padres tuvieran responsabilidad concreta por el dano material que causaran a los bienes materiales de la escuela los ninos a su cargo.
# Economic sanctions for parents who do not send their children to school.
# Sanciones economicas para los padres que no mandaran a sus hijos a la escuela.
# A strict requirement of the title of master in order to receive state salary as a teacher.
# Una exigencia estricta del titulo de maestro para poder percibir el sueldo del estado como docente.
# Foundation of kindergartens for children aged 5-7 years.
# Fundacion de jardines de infantes para ninos de 5 a 7 anos.
# Running evening classes for adults.
# Funcionamiento de clases nocturnas para adultos.
# In 1870, 80% of the population in Uruguay was illiterate, But in 1900 the figure was fallen to 46%.
# En 1870 el 80% de la poblacion en Uruguay era analfabeta, pero en 1900 la cifra se habia reducido al 46%.
# By 1910 it was reduced to up to 38%.
# Hacia 1910 se redujo hasta llegar al 38%.
# Varela reform had been successful and education became the pride of Uruguay.
# La reforma de Varela habia sido exitosa y la educacion se convertia en el orgullo de Uruguay.
# Varela died of tuberculosis at 22.30 in his home in the street Merceds No 90 on October 24, 1879, at the age of 34 years.
# Varela fallecio de tuberculosis a las 22 y 30 en su domicilio la calle Mercedes No90 el 24 de Octubre de 1879, a la edad de 34 anos.
# AT the time of his death he left two sons Jose Pedro 5 years and Jacobo 2 years.
# Al momento de su muerte el dejo dos hijos Jose Pedro Varela de 5 anos y Jacobo Varela de 2 anos.
JOSE PEDRO VARELA, AUTOBIOGRAPHY WRITTEN IN 1877.
JOSE PEDRO VARELA, AUTOBIOGRAFIA ESCRITA EN 1877.
# My father was Don Jacobo, brother of Don Juan Cruz and Don Florencio and exiled as them form Buenos Aires in 1929 by the tyrant Rosas, and mi mother Dona Benita Berro, sister of former president of the Republic Don Bernardo Berro.
# Era mi padre Don Jacobo D. Varela, hermano de Don Juan Cruz y de Don Florencio y desterrado como ellos de Buenos Aires en 1829 por el tirano Rosas, y mi madre Dona Benita Berro, hermana del ex presidente de esta Republica Don Bernardo Berro.
# I was born in Montevideo on March 19, 1845 and received poor instruction that could be acquired in the country's schools.
# Yo naci en Montevideo el 19 de Marzo de 1845 y recibi la escasa instruccion que podia adquirirse en los colegios del pais.
# Since very young and until 1867 i engaged in commerce, having, however, actively collaborated in 1865 and 1866. In the literary newspaper "The Literary Magazine" and also in literar part of "El Siglo"
# Desde muy joven y hasta el ano 1867 me dedique al comercio, habiendo, sin embargo, colaborado activamente en 1865 y 1866, en el periodico literario "La Revista Literaria" y tambien en la parte literaria de "El Siglo".
# In 1867 i took a trip of tour and instruction to Europe and the United States and posted on this last point the "Echoes Lost".
# En 1867 hice un viaje de paseo e instruccion a Europa y Estados Unidos y publique en este ultimo punto los "Ecos Perdidos".
# During my trip i was correspondent of "El Siglo" of Montevideo.
# Durante mi viaje fui corresponsal de "El Siglo" de Montevideo.
# Back to my country in 1868, started the foundation of the "Society of Friends of Popular Education", which is held still and has been the cause generating the educationalist movement that has occurred in the country in recent years.
# De vuelta a mi pais en 1868, inicie la fundacion de la Sociedad de los Amigos de la Educacion Popular, que se sostiene aun y que ha sido la causa generadora del movimiento educacionista que se ha producido en el pais en los ultimos anos.
# In 1869, i was impresioned for political cause, by the Government of Gral.Battle and set up the newspaper "La Paz" in the first period.
# En 1869, fui preso por causas politicas, por el Gobierno del Gral. Battle y funde el diario "La Paz" en su primera epoca.
# In 1870 y was exiled by the seem Government.
# En 1870 fui desterrado por el mismo gobierno.
# In 1871 set up the newspaper "La Paz" in its second period and advocate for the conciliation of the eastern until the peace of 6 of April, 1872 put end the war that devoured the country.
# En 1871 funde el diario "La Paz" en su segunda epoca y abogue por el por la concillacion de los orientales, hasta que la paz del 6 de Abril de 1872 hizo cesar la guerra que devoraba al pais.
# In 1876 published the "Academic Legislation". Now is finish to print 'Memory I", that i've written.
# En 1876 publique la "Legislacion Escolar". Ahora esta concluyendo de imprimirse la "Memoria l, que he escrito.
# Since March 1876 i have been "Director of Public Instruction" and i'm currently, as motive of the recently enacted law on education, "National Inspector of Primary Instruction".
# Desde Marzo de 1876 he sido Director de Instruccion Publica, y soy actualmente, con motivo de las leyes sobre educacion recientemente dictadas, Inspector Nacional de Instruccion Primara."
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF POPULAR EDUCATION.
SOCIEDAD DE AMIGOS DE LA EDUCACION POPULAR.
# Fonded on September 18, 1868.
# Fundada el 18 de Septiembre de 1868.
# In previous assemblies 206 people participated.
# En las asambleas previas participaron 206 personas.
# Its first Board of Directors, president Elbio Fernandez, vice-president Eduardo Brito del Pino, secretaries Varela y Carlos Maria Ramirez and also integrated by Jose C.Arechavaleta, Juan Carlos Blanco, Carlos Ambrosio Lerena, Eliseo Felix Outes y Alfredo Vasquez Acevedo.
# Su primera Comisision Directiva, presidente Elbio Fernandez,vicepresidente Eduardo Brito del Pino, secretarios Varela y Carlos Maria Ramirez y tambien la integraban Jose. C Arechavaleta, Juan Carlos Blanco, Carlos Ambrosio Lerena, Eliseo Felix Outes y Alfredo Vasquez Acevedo.
# At the time of the foundation Varela was 23 years old, Carlos Maria Ramirez 20 y Elbio Fernandez 26.
# Al momento de la fundacion Varela tenia 23 anos, Carlos Maria Ramirez 20 y Elbio Fernandez 26.
# Between the priority decisions that first Board of Directors was to found a school that was the experimental field of education reform.
# Entre las decisiones prioritarias de esa primera Comision Directiva estuvo la de fundar una Escuela que fuera el campo experimental de la reforma de la educacion.
# In June of 1869 suddenly dies Dr. Elbio Fernandez.
# En junio de 1869 muere repentinamente el Dr. Elbio Fernandez.
# The August 29, 1869 the new school is named Dr. Elbio Fernandez.
# El 29 de agosto de 1869 se nombra la nueva escuela Dr. Elbio Fernandez.
# Following the death of Elbio Fernandez, Jose Pedro Varela step to the presidency.
# A raiz de la muerte de Elbio Fernandez, Jose Pedro Varela paso a ocupar la presidencia.
# At that time Varela became the soul of it:
# En este momento Varela paso a ser el alma de la misma:
# Rehearsed the systems and methods of teaching that had the opportunity to study in the U.S.
# Ensayaba los sistemas y metodos de ensenanza que habia tenido ocasion de estudiar en los Estados Unidos.
# Drafted circulars and school regulations.
# Redactaba circulares y reglamentaciones escolares.
# Him studying teaching programs.
# Estudiaba los programas de ensenanza.
# Him conduct classes for teachers, introducing them to the most advanced teaching methods.
# Dirigia clases para maestros, iniciandolos en los metodos didacticos mas adelantados.
# Examined classes, instructing the teachers to correct the teachings that him considered incomplete or defective.
# Examinaba las clases, dando instrucciones a los maestros para corregir las ensenanzas que consideraba incompletas o defectuosas.
# Draw up annual reports, in which he realized the social movement of the institution, its growth and getting wins.
# Redactaba las memorias anuales, en los cuales se daba cuenta del movimiento social de la institucion, de su crecimiento y de los truinfos que conseguia.
# The school was located on the road October 8, in the vicinity of the Christ of Cordon.
# La escuela estaba situada en el camino 8 de Octubre, a inmediaciones del Cristo del Cordon.
# The first day of the school was the September 3, 1869.
# El primer dia de clases fue el 3 de septiembre de 1869.
# Only three students attended to the school: Juna Manaro, Juan Rodriguez y Emilio Sanguinetti.
# Concurrieron a la escuela solamente tres alumnos: Juna Manaro, Juan Rodriguez y Emilio Sanguinetti.
# When the year finished had attended a total of 53 students.
# Cuando termino el ano habian concurrido un total de 53 alumnos.
SEMBRADOR DE ABECEDARIO (Cancion)
ALPHABET PLANTER (Song)
Para Colmarme la vida
To fill up me life
Para llenarme de luz
to fill up with light
imitando a mi bandera
imitating my flag
me voy a la escuela
i go to school
de blanco y azul
in white and blue
----------------------
siempre me dice el maestro
the teacher always tell me
con dulce dejo de amor
with a hint of love
el fundador de tu escuela
the founder of your school
se llama Varela
is called Varela
quiere, quierelo.
love, love him.
--------------------------------------
Sembrador de abecedario
Alphabet planter
lider del verbo oriental
leader of eastern verb
don Jose Pedro Varela
don Jose Pedro Varela
pastor de la escuela
pastor of school
jamas morira.
never will die
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Gracias, senor don Varela
Thanks, Mr, don Varela
gracias, senor don Jose
Thanks, Mr, Don Jose
don Pedro, fiel de los ninos
Don Pedro faithful to children
que cantan la letra
who sing the lyric
que les dio fe
that gave them faith
------------------------------------------------------
Cuando me voy a la escuela
When i go to school
don Jose Pedro, que bien
Don Jose Pedro, how good
si viera usted que contento
if you see how happy
me vuela por dentro
that fly inside my
pensando en usted.
thinking on you
